Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is extremely common, and most people will be exposed to it at some point in their lives. The good news is that HPV vaccination can prevent many HPV-related cancers and other health problems before they start.
If you’re trying to separate fact from fiction, this guide explains who should get the vaccine, what it protects against, and the myths that still circulate about HPV vaccination.
What Is HPV?
HPV is a group of more than 150 related viruses. Some types can cause genital warts, while high-risk types can lead to cancer over time.
HPV spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact, not just intercourse. Because it often causes no symptoms, many people do not realize they have been exposed.
Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?
The HPV vaccine is recommended for:
- Children ages 11 to 12, and vaccination can start as early as age 9
- Anyone 26 years old or younger not adequately vaccinated
Adults ages 27 through 45 are not routinely vaccinated, but some may decide to get the vaccine after discussing their risk for new HPV infection and the possible benefits with a clinician.
Dosing depends on age and health status. The CDC currently recommends two doses for most people who start before their 15th birthday, and three doses for people who start at ages 15 through 26 or who are immunocompromised.
What Cancers Does It Help Prevent?
The HPV vaccine helps protect against HPV types that cause most HPV-related cancers, including cervical, throat, anal, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. It also helps prevent genital warts caused by certain HPV types.
The CDC says HPV vaccination has already reduced HPV infections, genital warts, and cervical precancers in vaccinated populations.
Myths and Facts
- Myth 1: The HPV vaccine is not safe
Fact: HPV vaccines have been extensively studied and monitored for years. The CDC states they are very safe, and the most common side effects are mild, such as soreness at the injection site. - Myth 2: Only girls need the HPV vaccine
Fact: HPV affects everyone. Boys and men can also develop HPV-related cancers, including throat and anal cancers, so vaccination benefits all genders. - Myth 3: You don’t need the vaccine if you’re not sexually active
Fact: The vaccine works best before exposure to HPV, which is why it is recommended in preteens. It prevents new infections and does not treat existing HPV infections or disease. - Myth 4: The vaccine encourages early sexual activity
Fact: Research has not shown that HPV vaccination changes sexual behavior. The vaccine is about cancer prevention, not sexual behavior. - Myth 5: I’m too old for the vaccine to help
Fact: Adults 27 through 45 may still benefit in some cases, especially if they are not already vaccinated and may be at risk for new HPV exposure. The vaccine is not licensed for adults older than 45.
Why It Matters
HPV-related cancers can develop quietly over many years, and may not be found until treatment is more difficult. Vaccination helps stop many of these cancers before they begin.
In the U.S., HPV causes about 36,000 cancer cases each year, and the CDC says the HPV vaccine has the potential to prevent more than 90% of cancers caused by HPV.
Schedule your annual visit with your primary care provider to learn more.
Source: CDC